Near death, explained - electric toothbrush reviews

Atlanta 1991-
Singer and songwriter Pam Reynolds felt dizzy and lost his ability to speak and had difficulty moving his body.
The CAT scan showed that she had a giant aneurysm.
A severely swollen vessel in the wall of her basal artery, near the brain cadre.
If it can happen at any time, it will kill her.
But standard surgery for drainage and repair could also kill her.
Without other options, Pam turned to the last desperate measure proposed by Robert Spitzer, a neurosurgeon at the Barrow Institute of Neurology in Phoenix, Arizona. Dr.
Spetzler is an expert and pioneer in low-temperature cardiac arrest
Bold surgery called "Stop Surgery.
"Spetzler would drop Pam's body to such a low temperature that she was basically dead.
Her brain is not working properly, but it can survive longer without oxygen at this temperature.
Low temperatures also soften the swollen blood vessels, allowing them to perform surgery in the event of a lower risk of rupture.
When the operation is completed, the surgical team will bring her back to normal temperature before the irreversible damage begins.
Basically, Pam agreed to die in order to save her life --
In this process, it is possible to be the most famous case of independent evidence of the recorded out-of-body experience (NLP) perception.
This case is particularly important because cardiologist Michael Sabom was able to obtain validation of the critical details of the surgical intervention reported by Pam from medical staff.
This is the case.
Pam was brought into the operating room at 7: 15. m.
She received general anesthesia and soon lost consciousness.
At this point, the team of spitzler and his more than 20 doctors, nurses and technicians began to work.
To prevent the eyes from drying, they greased Pam's eyes and glued them together.
They connected EEG electrodes to monitor electrical activity in her cerebral cortex.
They inserted small molded speakers into her ears and fixed them with gauze and tape.
The speaker will repeat 100-decibel clicks—
About the noise from a fast train.
Eliminate the voice of the outside world and measure the activities of her brain cadres. At 8:40 a. m.
, The tray of the surgical instrument was uncovered, and Robert spitzler began to cut Pam's skull with a special surgical saw that produced a noise similar to a dental drill.
Pam later said that at this moment, she felt that she had "jumped out" of her body, circled over it and watched the doctor work on her body.
Although she no longer uses her eyes and ears, she describes her observations from the perspective of the senses and perception.
"I think the way they shave their heads is very strange," she said . ".
"I want them to take all their hair away, but they don't.
She also described the Midas rex bone saw ("I hate the sound that looks like an electric toothbrush, it has a dent . . . . . . ") And dentistry --
It is manufactured with considerable precision.
Meanwhile, Spetzler is removing the outermost membrane of Pamela's brain and cutting it with scissors.
At about the same time, a female cardiac surgeon tried to find the femoral artery in Pam's right groin.
It is worth noting that Pam later claimed to remember a female voice saying, "We have a problem.
Her artery is too small.
Then there was a male voice: "Try the other side.
Medical records confirmed the conversation, but Pam couldn't hear it.
The heart surgeon is right.
Pam's blood vessels are really too small to accept the abundant blood flow required by the in vitro circulation machine, so at 10: 50m.
Insert a tube into the left femoral artery of Pam and connect to the in vitro circulation machine.
The warm blood is circulating from the arteries to the cylinder of the bypass machine, which has cooled down before returning to her body.
Her body temperature began to drop at 11: 05. m.
Pam's heart stopped beating.
Her brain waves were completely silent.
A few minutes later, her brain was completely unresponsive and her body temperature dropped to 60 degrees Fahrenheit. At 11:25 a. m.
, The team tilted the head of the operating table up, turned off the bypass machine and drained the blood from her body.
Pamela Reynolds clinical death
Pam is out at this point. of-
Physical adventure has become a close
Death experience (NDE): She recalls the experience of floating out of the operating room and driving along the tunnel with lights.
She met relatives and friends of the deceased, including her.
The dead grandmother is waiting at the end of this tunnel.
She entered the presence of a glorious, wonderful warmth and love light, and felt that her soul was part of God, and that everything that existed was created from the light (the breath of God.
But when Reynolds's deceased uncle brought her back to her body, this extraordinary experience suddenly ended --
She described the feeling as "falling into the ice pool ".
Meanwhile, in the operating room, the operation is over.
When all the blood was discharged from Pam's brain, the aneurysm simply collapsed and spichler clipped it.
Soon the bypass machine was turned on and the warm blood was pumped back to her body.
As the body temperature began to rise, her brain began to respond to the clicking sound speakers in her ears, and the EEG recorded electrical activity in the cortex.
The bypass machine was closed at 12: 32. m.
Pam's life has been restored, and she was taken to the recovery room at 2: 10, and the situation is stable. m.
The otherworldly story seems to always be part of human culture, but in 1975, the book "Life After Life" by American psychiatrist and philosopher Raymond Moody attracted the public's attention for the first time.
He introduced more than 100 case studies that experienced a vivid spiritual experience during the period of approaching death or "clinical death", followed by a resurrection to tell the story.
Their experiences are very similar, and Moody created the term NDE to refer to this phenomenon.
The book is popular and controversial, and soon after the establishment of the International Association for the Study of dying (IANDS) in 1978, a scientific investigation of NDEs began --
The world's first organization dedicated to scientific research on NDEs and its relationship with thought and consciousness.
NDEs is vivid, realistic, and often profound in life-
The experiences of men, women and children who alter physical or psychological proximity to death.
They can be caused by cardiac arrest and coma caused by brain injury, poisoning or suffocation.
These conditions may also occur during or after delivery, such as electric shock, surgical complications, or severe blood loss.
They may even be the result of accidents or diseases in which people are really afraid that they will die.
Surveys conducted in the United States and Germany show that about 4.
It is reported that 2% of the population suffers from NDE.
It is estimated that over the past 50 years, more than 25 million people around the world have received NDE.
People from all walks of life and belief systems have such experiences.
The study shows that the experience of NDE is not affected by gender, race, socio-economic status or level of education.
While NDEs are sometimes considered a religious experience, it seems to be a matter of personal perception.
In addition, the researchers have not yet discovered the relationship between religion and the NDE experience.
That is to say, it does not matter whether the people recruited in these studies are Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Hindu, Jewish, Buddhist, atheist or agnostic.
Although the details are different, NDEs has many core features.
Perhaps the most vivid thing is WhatsApp: leave your body, watch what happens around your body, or what happens occasionally in a distant physical location.
During the OBEs
Death Experiencers (NDErs) are often surprised to find that they retain consciousness, perception, conscious thinking, memory, emotion and personal identity.
These processes, if any, will be strengthened: thinking is vivid;
Keen hearing;
The view can extend to 360 degrees.
The NDErs claim that without the body they can penetrate the walls and doors and project themselves wherever they want.
They often report the ability to read people's minds.
The impact of NDEs on the experience is strong, overwhelming and real.
Some studies conducted in the United States, Western European countries and Australia show that most countries have been profoundly and positively changed by this experience.
A woman said: "I completely changed after the accident.
According to the people who live near me, I am another person.
I am very happy, laughing, appreciating some small things, joking, laughing a lot, being friends with everyone . . . . . . Totally different from me before!
"Before NDE, no matter how different their personality is, experiencers tend to share similar psychological traits after NDE.
In fact, their beliefs, values, behaviors, and world views seem to be quite similar after that.
It is important that if this experience is an illusion, these changes in psychology and behavior are not the kind of changes that people expect.
As evidenced by NDE researcher Pim van lomel and his colleagues, these changes have become more visible over time.
Some sceptics reasonably believe that the main problem with reports on the perception of the EBA is that they often rest uniquely on NDEr's testimony --
There is no independent evidence.
From a scientific point of view, such a self
The report still has no results.
But in the past few decades, some
The witness independently confirmed the NDErs report, such as the report by Pam Reynolds.
One of the most famous confirmed the true NDE perception --
Can prove the concept that is consistent with reality
It was the experience of a woman named Maria, whose intensive care social worker, Kimberly Clark, recorded her case for the first time.
Maria, an immigrant worker, had a heart attack while visiting a friend in Seattle.
She was rushed to Harborview Hospital and placed in the coronary care room.
A few days later, her heart stopped but soon recovered.
Clark visited her the next day.
Maria told Clark that when her heartbeat stopped, she was able to look down from the ceiling and watch the medical team work on her body.
Maria said that on one occasion, she found herself outside the hospital and found a tennis shoe on the ledge on the north side of the third floor of the building.
She was able to provide several details about its appearance, including the observation that one of its shoelaces was stuck under the heel and the small toe area was worn out.
Maria wanted to be sure if she had seen the shoe "really" and begged Clark to try and find it.
Clark was skeptical and went to the location described by Maria
Found tennis shoes.
From the window of her hospital room, I could not see the details of Maria's story.
But after retrieving the shoes, Clark confirmed Maria's observation.
Clark said: "The only way she can have a perspective like this is if she keeps floating outside and is very close to tennis shoes.
I brought my shoes back to Maria.
This is very specific evidence for me.
"Given that blood flowing to the brain is interrupted during the cardiac arrest, this is particularly impressive.
When this happens, the electrical activity of the brain (measured with an EEG) disappears after 10 to 20 seconds.
In this state, the patient is extremely unconscious.
As brain structures that mediate higher mental function are severely compromised, these patients are expected to be remembered without a clear and clear mental experience.
Nevertheless, studies conducted in the Netherlands, the UK and the United States showed that about 15% of cardiac arrest survivors did report some memories of their clinical deaths.
These studies show that consciousness, perception, thoughts and feelings can be experienced during periods when the brain does not show measurable activity.
NDEs experienced by people without vision in daily life are very interesting.
On 1994, researchers Kenneth Ring and Sharon Cooper decided-
Based on the perception of the blind.
They believe that these cases will be the final proof of what is true during the national development strategy.
If a blind person is able to report verifiable events that occur when they are clinically dead, it will mean that the real thing is happening.
They interviewed 31 people, 14 of whom were born blind. Twenty-
One of the participants had a national development agency;
Only OBEs are the others.
Surprisingly, the experiences they reported fit into the classic NDE model, whether they were born blind or lost sight in their later years.
The results of the study were published in 1997.
Based on all the cases they investigated, Ring and Cooper concluded that what happened during the NDE process provided another perspective for the perception of reality that does not depend on the body's senses.
They propose to call this perceived way of thinking another way of thinking.
Despite solid reports, many materialistic scientists insist that OBEs and NDEs are located in the brain.
On 2002, neurologist Olaf Blanco and colleagues at the University Hospital in Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland, described 43-year-
Elderly female patients with epilepsy.
Because her seizures cannot be controlled by drugs alone, neurosurgery is considered the next step.
The researchers implanted electrodes in her right cerebral lobe to provide information on the location and scope of the area causing epilepsy
Brain regions that cause seizures-
Must be removed by surgery
Through electrical stimulation, other electrodes are implanted to identify and locate the brain-if removed—
It can lead to the loss of sensory ability, language ability, and even paralysis.
Such a procedure is particularly critical for retaining important brain areas adjacent to the induced epilepsy area.
When they stimulate the corner
An area of the top lobe of the brain that is considered to integrate sensory information related to vision, touch and balance, giving us a sense of our own body --
The patient reported that she saw herself "lying on the bed from above, but I only saw my legs and lower torso.
She described herself as "floating" near the ceiling.
She also reported that her legs were "shorter ".
The article was reported by the global media and caused quite a stir.
The editors of Nature have triumphantly announced that due to the study --
Involving only one patient.
Parts of the brain that can induce OBEs have been positioned.
"This is another blow to those who think the mind and spirit have some sort of separation from the brain," says Michael Shermer, a psychologist at the Association of skeptics, who tries to debunk various paranormal claims.
"In fact, all the experience is gained from the brain.
In another post published on 2004, Blanc and co-
The staff described 6 patients, 3 of whom experienced atypical and incomplete KPIs.
Four patients reported that,
That is to say, they see their double from the favorable position of their body.
In this paper, the researchers described Oasis as a temporary dysfunction of the frontal, parietal cortex connection.
But, as Pim van Lommel points out, the abnormal physical experience described by Blanc and his colleagues brings a false sense of reality.
In contrast, typical OBEs imply verifiable perception of events (from positions above or outside the body), such as their own recovery or traffic accidents, and the circumstances in which the event occurred.
Similarly, the psychiatrist at the University of Virginia, Bruce Grayson, commented, "we cannot assume from the fact that electrical stimulation of the brain can induce the brain --
So, just like all Orbis are hallucination.
"Materialism scientists have put forward some physiological explanations to explain the various features of NDEs.
British psychologist Susan Blackmore has put forward the hypothesis of "dead brain": the lack of oxygen (or hypoxia) during death may lead to abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain region responsible for vision, this abnormal launch leads to the illusion of seeing bright light at the end of the dark tunnel.
Van Lommel and his colleagues objected that If hypoxia played a central role in the production of NDE, most patients with cardiac arrest would report NDE.
This is clearly not the case, according to research.
Another issue with this view is that there are no reports on tunnels in several accounts of NDErs.
As noted by the famous NDE researcher Sam Parnia, some people reported NDE when they were not terminal, and the oxygen levels in their brains would be normal.
Parnia raises another question: when oxygen levels are significantly reduced, patients with a lung or heart that does not work properly experience an "acute state of confusion" during which they are very confused and excited, there is little or no memory at all.
In sharp contrast, during the NDEs, people experience a conscious consciousness.
Organized thinking process and clear reasoning.
They also have a good memory of the NDE, which will usually be with them for decades.
In other respects, Parnia believes that if this assumption is correct, then the illusion of seeing light and tunnels will gradually develop as the patient's blood oxygen levels drop.
Medical observations, however, suggest that patients with low oxygen levels did not report seeing any common features of light, tunnels or the NDE we discussed earlier.
In more than 1990 years, more research has shown that NDEs's theory of hypoxia is on the wrong track.
James Whinnery, a chemistry professor at West Texas a & M, was involved in the study of simulated extreme conditions that may arise during air combat exercises.
In these studies, fighter pilots were subjected to extreme gravity in giant centrifuges.
This rapid acceleration reduces the flow of blood, thus reducing the process of delivering oxygen to the brain.
In doing so, it causes a brief period of unconscious, which is called "dream ".
Whinnery assumes that although some of the core features of NDEs are found in the dream, the main feature of the dream is that the memory of the event is impaired before the unconscious, confusion begins, and disorientation after awakening
These symptoms are usually not related to NDEs.
In addition, the transformation of life has never been reported after the dream.
So, if the "brain of death" is not responsible for NDEs, it seems to me that they may just be hallucination and the answer is No.
Let's take a look at the example of ingesting grams of his life that can lead to hallucination. grams of his life is a veterinary drug that is sometimes used for entertainment and usually costs users a lot.
In the case of small doses, the narcotic drug ketanone causes hallucination and sensation outside the body.
It is believed to be mainly through inhibition of N-Methyl-D-
The Tianmen aspartic acid receptor, which is usually open when combined with the most abundant excited chemical messenger MSG in the human brain.
Psychiatrist Karl Jensenhas speculated that blocking the n-d receptor could lead to NDE.
However, the experience of ketamine ketone is often terrible, resulting in strange images;
Most people who use the drug realize that the experience that the drug produces is illusory.
By contrast, NDErs are convinced of the reality they are going through.
In addition, the central features of many NDEs are not reported in ketamine.
Nevertheless, we cannot rule out that some NDEs may be involved in blocking the n-d receptor.
Neuroscientist Michael Pesinger claims that he and his colleagues produce all the major features of the NDE by using the weak cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the pillow leaves.
Persinger's job is based on the premise that an NDE may be triggered under that premise.
However, a review of the epilepsy literature suggests that the classic features of NDEs are not related to seizures located in the frontal lobe.
Moreover, as Bruce Gleeson and his collaborators rightly emphasized, the experience reported by the pesinghe TMS study participants has little resemblance to the typical features of the NDEs.
Scientific NDE studies conducted over the past few decades have shown that when brain activity is severely damaged or does not appear to exist (such as during a cardiac arrest), enhanced mental function can be independent of physical experience.
Some of these studies suggest that blind people can have real perception during OBEs related to NDE.
Other surveys show that NDEs often lead to deep psychological and mental changes.
These findings strongly challenge the mainstream neuroscience view that brain activity is the result of the brain and consciousness.
As we can see, such a view cannot explain how NDErs experience-
When their hearts stop
Vivid and complex ideas and get real information about objects or events from their bodies.
The NDE study also suggests that after the death of the flesh, the mind and consciousness may continue to exist on the transcendental level of reality, which our senses and consciousness generally do not have access.
Needless to say, this view is completely incompatible with the belief that the material world is the only reality of many materialism.
Excerpts from Brain Wars: A Scientific struggle about the existence of the mind, and evidence that will change the way we live.
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