infra red remote controlled fan regulator using atmega32 mcu - small home appliances

Without the need for a fixed wall switch board, we can easily control household appliances using unconventional remote control technology.
I use remote control technology here (
Infrared remote control technology
And Bluetooth control technology using different wireless communication systems.
We discuss several projects based on real-time embedded systems through which we can design and implement remote control circuits for household appliances.
Here, my goal is to control AC devices other than DC devices, because we should handle AC machines/devices in real-time scenarios (High-Voltage).
Most DC devices are used for prototyping and small scale use.
Therefore, AC equipment is common in manufacturing/maintenance work in industry.
Mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, robot, PLC, automation and high
The voltage zone and more areas are true.
Time implementation of It.
About the infrared technology I provided in my previous project (
Infrared control robot car with atmeg32mcu.
This is not a very new concept, but the problem is that my explanation and experience will help you to learn and dive into the technology.
But this is an IR based project but I am trying to control the highvoltate(AC)appliances(eg.
Fan, bulb, motor, etc).
My goal is to control the use of machines in our daily life, outside of the control DC in workshops, schools, schools, offices, hospitals, factories and more fields (low voltage)appliances.
I am sharing some important concepts and figures related to this project.
I hope someone can get some ideas from it.
Key words: optical coupling, optical coupling
AC, infrared, micro-controller, AC, electrical isolation.
Optical coupler and optical couplerCoupled mosfet (OCMOS FETs)
Transmit the signal while keeping the electrical isolation.
So there may be some concerns about their differences.
Then we want to describe their differences below: 1.
Structural differences in numbers (structure. gif)
The main internal structure of the optical coupler and the ocmos fet is shown below.
As shown in the optical coupler on the left, when the LEDs (LED)
Light up the phototransistor and the light generates the photocurrent flowing from the collector to the bottom of the phototransistor.
Therefore, when the LED is not on, the photoelectric transistor is cut off, and when the LED is on strongly, the large light current from the collector to the base pole flows, and the photoelectric transistor is turned on stably.
Not like the base.
The collector is very short-
Circuit, even if the collector-
Emitter voltage is less than base-
The forward voltage of the emitter of the transistor, the optical current still flows, and the photoelectric transistor is conductive.
On the other hand, as shown above, the ocmos fet contains photovoltaic cells, which charge the gate capacitance to increase the gate-when the LED is on-
Source voltage, turn on the MOS fet in the case of manufacturing-type contact. For a break-
Type contacts, fet conducts electricity without a gatesource voltage.
However, when the LED is lit, the photovoltaic cell will bias the gate
Reverse cut off the supply voltage of the fet. When the make-
Turning off the ocmos fet type, the photovoltaic cells not only stop charging, but also automatically turn off the internal discharge switch, forcing the gate to discharge.
As a result, gate-
The supply voltage drops immediately.
The two FET in the ocmos fet are in reverse tandem.
Therefore, both FET conduct in both directions when ocmos fet conducts electricity.
However, when the ocmos fet is not conductive, only the FET that is facing when the voltage cut-off is applied, while the parasitic diode of the other FET conducts. 2.
Due to the above structural differences, the optical coupler and the OCMOS fet have the following characteristic differences: Although the optical coupler only performs DC (direct current)
In the output, the OCMOS fet can perform both DC and AC (
AC current)in the FETs.
In general, the working speed of the optical coupler is microseconds or faster, while the working speed of the OCMOS fet is millisecond.
Although the output conduction properties of the optical coupler vary depending on the input current value, the output conduction properties of the ocmos fet are independent of the input current value.
In general, in theory, the optical coupler is electrically conductive relative to the input strain.
However, there are two types of OCMOS fet: one is conduction (a-contact: Make-type contact)
And a break (b-contact: Break-type contact)
, When the input is applied.
Therefore, although high
The OCMOS fet does not work as fast as the photoelectric coupler, and the OCMOS fet can switch AC and high current in the ampere range with a small input current (
Small to a few milliamperes). 3.
In general, the optical coupler is only used to transmit DC signals.
Its applications include: pulse transmission (pulse. gif)
: Analog DC signal transmission (analog. gif)
On the other hand, since the ocmos fet works slower than the photoelectric coupler, it is rarely used for signal transmission.
However, due to the dual turn-on and low turn-on of the MOSFET
Resistance properties, mainly used as an "electronic switch" for AC signals ".
Therefore, OCMOS fet is also called SSR (
Solid state relay).
Optical isolator (
Also known as optical coupler, optical coupler and photoelectricisolator)
Is a semiconductor device that uses a short optical transmission path to transmit electrical signals between circuits or circuit elements while keeping them electrically isolated from each other.
These components are used in a wide variety of communication, control and monitoring systems that use light to prevent high voltage from affecting low-power systems that receive signals.
The optical isolator is made of light in its simplest form-LEDs (LED), IRED (infrared-emitting diode)
Laser diodes and photoelectric sensors for signal transmission (
Or photoelectric transistor)
For signal reception.
Using the optical coupler, when applying current to the LED, infrared rays are generated and passed through the material inside the optical isolator.
The beam passes through the transparent gap and is picked up by the receiver, which converts the modulated light or infrared signal back to power.
In the absence of light, the input and output circuits are electrically isolated from each other.
Electronic equipment and signal and power transmission lines are impacted by the voltage of radio frequency transmission, lightning strikes and power spikes.
In order to avoid interruption, the optical isolator provides high-
Voltage components and lowVoltage device.
Optical isolator (
Also known as optical coupler, optical coupler and photoelectricisolator)
Is a semiconductor device that uses a short optical transmission path to transmit electrical signals between circuits or circuit elements while keeping them electrically isolated from each other.
These components are used in a wide variety of communication, control and monitoring systems that use light to prevent high voltage from affecting low-power systems that receive signals.
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The optical isolator is made of light in its simplest form-LEDs (LED), IRED (infrared-emitting diode)
Laser diodes and photoelectric sensors for signal transmission (
Or photoelectric transistor)
For signal reception.
Using the optical coupler, when applying current to the LED, infrared rays are generated and passed through the material inside the optical isolator.
The beam passes through the transparent gap and is picked up by the receiver, which converts the modulated light or infrared signal back to power.
In the absence of light, the input and output circuits are electrically isolated from each other.
Electronic equipment and signal and power transmission lines are impacted by the voltage of radio frequency transmission, lightning strikes and power spikes.
In order to avoid interruption, the optical isolator provides high-
Voltage components and lowVoltage device.
The optical isolator is packaged in a single device and has the appearance of an integrated circuit (IC)
Or transistors with extra leads
Optical coupler can be used to isolate low levels
Supply the circuit from the higher power circuit and remove the electrical noise from the signal.
The optical isolator is most suitable for digital signals, but can also be used to transmit analog signals.
Isolation of any data rate over 1 Mb/second is considered high speed.
The most common speeds for digital and analog optical isolator are 1 Mb/second, although there are also digital speeds of 10 Mb/second and 15 Mb/second.
The optical isolator is considered too slow for many modern digital applications, but researchers have created alternatives since 1990.
In communication, high
Power supply for server and telecom applications--
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
For example, the technology of wired Ethernet LAN.
The optical isolator Assembly can also protect Ethernet and fiber optic cables from the surge.
Invoice phone, can isolate electrical signals using transistor output optical coupler.
While it is no longer common for modems to be used to connect to telephone lines, the use of optical isolator allows computers to connect to telephone lines without the risk of surge or spike damage.
In this case, the analog part of the device adopts two optical isolator: one for the upstream signal and the other for the downstream signal.
If there is a surge in the telephone line, the computer will not be affected because the optical gap does not conduct current.
TRIAC, from triode for AC, is a general-purpose tradename of an electronic element that can conduct current in any direction when triggered (turned on)
It is officially called a two-way tripole or a two-way tripole triode. Wiki-
Link: "TRIACs is a subset of the thyristor and is closely related to the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR).
However, unlike the SCRs for one-way devices (
That is, they can only do current in one direction)
, TRIACs are two-way, so the current in both directions is allowed.
Another difference with SCRs is that TRIAC current can be enabled by positive or negative current applied to its gate electrode, while SCRs can only be triggered by positive current entering the gate
To generate a trigger current, a positive or negative voltage must be applied to the gate relative to the MT1 terminal (
Also known as A1).
Once triggered, the device will continue to operate until the current drops below a certain threshold called hold current.
Bidirectional makes TRIACs very convenient for AC switchescurrent(AC)
Circuits also allow them to control very large power streams with milliamperes
Scale gate current.
In addition, applying a trigger pulse in a controlled phase during the AC cycle allows control of the percentage of current flowing through TRIAC to load (phase control)
, For example, often used when controlling low speed
A power induction motor for adjusting the light and controlling the AC heating resistance.
Application: typical use of dimmer. . . . . Low-
Power TRIACs are used in many applications, such as speed control of dimmers, electric fans, bulbs and other motors, as well as modern computer control circuits for many small and large household appliances.
Main steps: the components are: connect according to the chart given above, or make changes as needed.
This is the KSETindia Development Board and the LCD Library has been given.
So, I call the function given in the library that is displayed on the LCD screen. . . . . . .
/Programs include "/io.
H "includes" LCD _ io. h"void display(int); void disp(int); int main(){uint8_t cmd;
/Commands received from remote initialization (); lcd_init(); while(1){
/Get the command of remote control cmd = GetRemoteCmd (1); display(cmd);
If (), now process the Command/UP keycmd==31){if(speed0)speed--; disp(speed); }//Enter Key if(cmd==26){if(fan_on){POWER_LED_OFF(); fan_on=0; //Turn Off }else {POWER_LED_ON(); fan_on=1; //Turn On }}Display(speed); }return 0; }display(int ch,int sp){lcd_clrscr(); lcd_gotoxy(0,0); //lcd_putc(ch); lcd_puts("IR Decoder: "); lcd_putc(' '); lcd_puti(ch,0); }disp(int sp){lcd_clrscr(); lcd_gotoxy(0,0); lcd_puts("Speed: "); lcd_putc(' '); lcd_puti(sp,0); }