how to build your 1st circuit - what's the best air purifier to buy

Building your own circuit seems like a daunting task.
The circuit diagram looks like hieroglyphics and all these electronic parts make no sense.
I put this note together in the hope of helping and guiding you to finally build your own circuit.
The 10 tricks in this structure are the ones I picked --
After years of trial and error.
I’m no expert (
Best of all, you don't have to be an expert in learning how to create circuits! )
So please don't expect this instructions to be a complete guide.
Instead, I hope it will help anyone interested in learning electronics and circuits pick up the soldering iron and start working.
Please feel free to add any comments or tips you may have in the comments section.
Note: gifs does not work very well when something flashes, so it is difficult to show that the circuit is running.
The good thing about getting started with electronics is that you don't need a lot of tools.
All you need is a soldering iron and you're gone.
However, there are other tools that can come in handy to help you build your circuits easily. The best advice I can give you about soldering iron is-don't be too cheap!
Buy something semi-decent.
It is good to use soldering iron 1 soldering iron 2 using the soldering iron below. Cheap soldering iron takes a long time to heat and you can't control the heat, so they're usually not hot enough.
One of the temperature controls will give you more control, especially welding flow and heat.
SolderI knows this may be self-evident, but you can't weld without welding.
I found it better to use thin solder because it gives me more control.
The solder I use is 0.
71mm thick and can be purchased from eBay.
Any similar size will work.
When prototyping on the board, it is very convenient to be able to adjust the power.
You can buy a variable power supply at a fairly cheap price or make it yourself like I did. Tip -
In a pinch, you can also use only 9 v batteries and power supplies, and you can also purchase your own third HandIf, which you once tried to weld two wires together, you will know how hard it is to keep them consistent.
A 3rd hand is actually a helping hand, usually in the form of several crocodile clips.
These can then hold one of the wires (
Or any other electrical part)whist you tin (
There will be more later)
Connect the parts together
It doesn't matter a 3rd hand, but it will make work easier.
You can do it yourself as easily as I do. (ible’ here)
Or just buy one thread (
Or a small, sharp pair of scissors)
The first thing you'll notice when you start welding and building your own circuit is that you trim a lot of wire legs and wires.
Having a good pair of scissors or scissors will make sure that when you trim your legs they are cut to a place close to the welding point and will help prevent short circuit. Multi-
You really can't live without these when you build the circuit.
They can measure the power in the battery and check the rating of the resistance (very handy)
There are capacitors and a bunch of other stuff.
Catch yourself one and learn how to use it (it's not hard)
In fact, this will be a perfect way to use the organization, the space occupied by electronic components is not large, it is important to organize them.
There are many different values for resistors, capacitors, etc, and mixing them together will drive you crazy.
The best way is to have some way to organize the parts so they are easy to find and the order is good.
For now, I store my resistors on the container, but this is usually OK when they are bar-in-bar.
The capacitors, on the other hand, are usually loose, so I put them in the zerobars and all the odd parts are the same.
This is a place to work if you can have a dedicated work space.
Putting all the parts and tools at hand will make the work easier.
I use an old table, I have a snack at hand and everything is organized (
I know where everything is! )
Trying to find some small parts to complete a project, you don't know where it is, there is nothing more frustrating than this!
However, the biggest benefit of circuit construction is that you can do it on a bench in the kitchen!
Just make sure your organizer is portable or just grab the parts you need and do the welding.
Other tools that are not necessary but convenient! Tweezers -
These can help you to weld wires and other things with a magnifying glass in difficult places-I use the lens of the old camera!
The magnifying glass allows you to double-check the welding conditions and make sure that you do not bridge any welding points and do not connect anything that should not be connected together.
This is almost all the tools you need to get started.
I will not give any in-depth description of the functionality and how each section works.
However, I would recommend that you should start building the electronic part of your first circuit.
The good news is that these parts are very cheap and easy to buy and you don't need many types of parts (
Many varieties of the same type! ).
Another way to get an electronic part is to use the old appliance.
Everything from video players to children's toys can save treasures in it.
Make sure you take these old items apart next time and come up with anything that might be useful in the build.
Usually, I find the motor, wires, audio jacks for the LED and a bunch of other parts that can be used in your circuit.
Here's my list of electronic parts that make you startedresiors, so what are these things called resistors?
Basically, they increase the current resistance through the circuit.
They can also be used to reduce voltage.
The "resistance" value range of the resistance is Ohm (Ω ).
You can read the value of the resistor with a multimeter and I found this to be the easiest way.
Ribbons can also be used to calculate ohms.
Resistance is one of the main electrical components used in the circuit.
The best way to buy these is all kinds.
You can buy these on eBay or Ali Express, I recently sorted out a "visible" about how to store and organize your resistors, which can be found on this website, in a more comprehensive way, you build another major part of most circuits.
Basically, they are like small temporary batteries that can store charges.
The size of the charge depends on the size of the capacitor.
Some are very small whist and others can afford enough to do some serious damage to you.
Charging is used to eliminate current fluctuations, maintain power supplies, noise filters-the list continues.
There are two different types of capacitors;
Ceramics, which are usually very small, have no polarity, have larger electrolysis and have polarity.
For more information on how capacitors work, please visit this website. Sometimes the capacitor values are represented in different ways.
There is a number on the small ceramic cap, and other times you will see a value that is not on the cap.
Attached charts will help identify them for you.
You can also find the same charts here, and you can also purchase them in various batches.
It's best to buy both types
Ceramic Capacitors and electrolytic capacitors are very suitable for playing, there are a lot about-
About their lines, so I'm not going to go into the details of how they work.
Even though they have polarity, I will mention it, so one leg is positive and one leg is negative.
There are two ways to determine which one is.
First of all, the LED itself has a small cut
On the edge of the LED.
The leg under this wound
It's negative.
Also, the negative legs are a little shorter than the positive ones, which makes polarity recognition very simple. Another great thing is that they are very cheap and have multiple colors! You can pick-
A few dollars rose by 100.
EBay has a lot of integrated circuits available (IC’s)
These are the brains of your circuits.
Start by purchasing the following products.
The 555 Timer386 Op AmpThese will allow you to build the complete circuit and keep you busy for a long time.
I will use the 555 timer in another tip to show you how to build your own circuit prototypes as they are the basis for you to build the circuit.
There are a lot of different types but I like to use them and you can buy them from eBay.
They make the connection of the integrated circuit and other parts the breezhoto unit (
(CdS)
These are almost resistors, but are controlled by the amount of light in the room!
Very cool when you want your circuit to react to the environment. These are also resistors from ebaypotentiomeome, but you can adjust the resistor to give you more for the circuit
Like resistors, they have different resistance values that you can easily buy on ebaypotentimeter nobsok, so none of these are essential, but they are handy,
Most of the stuff I use comes from old electronics, but they can also be purchased cheaply on eBaySpeakersI, and most of my stuff comes from old toys.
You can buy 8 ohm 0 though.
There are 5 w cheap products on EBay that are suitable for most of the projects you build with sound.
There are a lot of different types of switches, whether you believe it or not.
It takes too long to go through all this, and what they do here is something you can't have.
Tactile switch (
Single rod, double cast)
Switch battery holder most circuits use 9 v batteries, so just take a few of those from eBay and start using wire I from old computer cables or wires or anywhere I can find
You can find a large number of wires with email in the dumps and tipswaste.
The best wire is thin wire, so the computer cable works very well.
If you can't find it, then try using the wire in the eBayNo circuit before you build the wire on the breadboard first.
The breadboard is used for prototype circuits before welding is started.
This is the first step in making a circuit that should always be done.
So what is a breadboard?
This is a piece of plastic with a pile of holes in it that are connected with copper.
You can then insert the legs of the IC, capacitor, resistor, etc. into the hole and connect.
This allows you to build the circuit without welding, and is perfect for experiments.
Holes are aligned in horizontal and vertical rows.
Look at the picture below to help you imagine how the copper in the hole is aligned.
Using a breadboard for the first time can be confusing, but after a few builds it becomes clearer.
A good way to prompt for a visualization of how to connect on a breadboard is to look at the prototype board below. This is set-
It's exactly the same as the breadboard, but there's no plastic so you can see the connection.
Later on in this Instructure I will build a simple circuit and will discuss how to add parts to the breadboard.
It can be tempting to buy a breadboard that comes with jumpers, just jump to the deep end and start a complex circuit that requires a lot of parts.
The first attempt I made to build the circuit was the lightning detector, which was so frustrating that I gave it all up and didn't try again until a few years later.
The best place to start building a circuit is 555 IC.
If you would like an in-depth study of this versatile IC, please check the link below. There are hundreds of online projects using this IC, from simple synthetic and flashing LED to siren and LED tracking circuits.
The connected circuit is just some easier circuit.
Once you have built the first circuit in this "visible", once you have the confidence to build a simple circuit, you can go into a more complex circuit.
50X555 items other 555 items you will notice a lot of symbols when looking at the circuit diagram.
These represent all the different types of parts needed to build the circuit.
Some are very direct, while others are more symbolic and need to be learned.
Attachment is some of the main symbols you will encounter when learning to build a circuit.
Take some time to get familiar with the different symbols you might encounter to build the first circuit.
Please note that more symbols are not included in the list I provided.
You will also encounter variations of these symbols, which in most cases mean the same thing, but may also represent different configurations.
I have attached an example that I usually find on the potentiometer.
This can be a confusing problem because the actual potentiometer has 3 legs and 2 or 3 are connected to the circuit depending on the application.
Learn more about how to read symbols
See this link for more details. The first circuit that I suggest you build is the flashing LED.
The circuit diagram is the first picture.
I will take you step by step to learn how to read the circuit and board.
Later, I'll cover how to experiment on the board to get a different effect than the LED.
First of all, let's break down the chart in order to understand it better.
I 've added some images to help you visualize every part I'm talking about.
Legs 1 and 2 on 555 timer1.
First understand how the 555 timer is oriented.
If you look at the second picture, you can see that there is a small half.
Moon mark on IC.
This is the front of the IC, which allows you to calculate how the leg is numbered and how to position the leg in the breadboard.
You will see that there are different components for each numbered leg.
I will start with 1 leg on the 555 timer and work around 8 legs.
It is good to start building circuits in the same way in breadboard 11.
Leg 1 on the 555 is connected to the ground of the negative pole of the battery.
The leg went straight forward.
The second round of 555, although it looks a bit complicated, is not actually complicated. 2.
The first thing you'll notice is that 2 and 6 look like they're connected together.
That's because they are!
When building a circuit, you need to connect these two legs together.
Next, you can see the connection split from pin 2 to 2.
This means that you need to add two different components on Leg 2, one is a capacitor and the other is a resistor.
The capacitor is connected to the ground like pin 1. 4.
The resistor you can see is connected between pin 2 and pin 7.
But wait for pins 2 and 6 to connect together, so you can put the resistor between pins 6 and 7 if you want, which happens to be sameLeg 3 1.
There are two components on Leg 3, one is resistance and the other is LED. 2.
If you follow the connection of the third leg, you can see that it is connected to a resistor connected to the LED.
You need to make sure the polarity of the LED is correct.
You can judge what this is by the symbol of the LED.
The negative end is then connected to the resistor. 3.
Another leg of the LED (
Straight Leg)
The positive section connected to batteryLeg 41.
This is a simple problem-you can see that it is connected to the same part as the front leg of pin 3, so pin 4 needs to be connected to the front leg 51.
Since "5" is not shown on the chart-this means it is not connected to anything.
This is already connected to pin 2 in advance, so you don't have to worry about this pin 71.
The leg 7 has two connections, one that you previously connected to the leg 6 with a resistor and the other that is connected to the potentiometer 2.
The potentiometer has 3 welding points that can be confusing when you first encounter them.
The circuit diagram shows only 2 connections, so how do you handle other welding points on the potentiometer?
Most of the time nothing, you just keep it as it is. 3.
You will need to attach a side leg on the potentiometer to the leg 7 and connect the middle leg on the potentiometer to the positive leg 81.
Another simple-this is connected to the same part as leg 4-so connect pin 8 to the positive position!
You can see that it's easy to understand once you break it down.
The next step is to build a breadboard in the breadboard, and now it's time for the breadboard.
You also need jumpers in addition to the breadboard (
Make all connections)
, You also need to weld several jumpers to the potentiometer.
This will allow you to insert it into the breadboard for testing. Timer-eBayResistors -10K and 3. 3K -
In a variety of locations-eBayCapacitor -
10 uf 0 By in various lots-
Ebaypotentimeter 100 K-eBay (
Also do an experiment with a 10 k one. eBay)LED -
EBayPrototype board
Battery Stand-eBay9v
The breadboard and jumper are also needed for EBayYou.
There's a good one on the eBayTip-
Always buy in bulk when buying electronic components-
They are cheap and you will definitely use them.
First, add the 555 timer in place.
Make sure it's half-moon cut-
In the picture, out is on the left hand side like mine.
Alignment 555 timer is very important-incorrect alignment will mean the legs will go back to the front and the circuit will not work.
Next, you need to connect Leg 1 to the ground.
Select one of the vertical buses (
Return to tip 3 if you don't remember)
As the ground part and add jumper to connect leg 23.
Legs 2 and 6 need to be connected, which can be done easily with jumpers.
Leg 2 is also connected to the ground by capacitor.
Please note the polarity of the capacitor.
The positive leg should be connected to pin 2 and the negative leg should be connected to the ground end-
It's easy to find out what legs are grounded on the polarized capacitor
Just look at the side and a negative symbol will appear like the picture step: leg 31.
Leg 3 needs to be connected to 3 now. 3K resistor.
Connect it as shown below. 2.
The other end of the resistor needs to be connected to the negative end of the LED.
You can do this by using a horizontal bar on the breadboard.
The front leg of the LED then needs to be connected to the front part of the breadboard.
Just select a bus strip as your positive tip --
You can easily figure out which leg is positive and which one is negative by the length of the leg.
The shorter one is negative. Leg 41.
Connect Leg 4 to the positive bus stripLeg 61.
Leg 6 is connected to 2 legs on 555 timer 2 and 7.
Since Leg 6 is already connected to Leg 2, you now need to establish a connection between 6 and 7. 2.
The leg is connected to a 10 k resistor as shown in figure 7 1.
First, you need to weld the jumper to the potentiometer.
Weld one to either leg on the side and then one to the middle leg on the potentiometer --
See images for how to do this. 2.
Next, connect the jumper on the side to leg 7 and connect the middle jumper to the positive Total line on the breadboard leg 81.
Connect this leg to actively add power 1.
Now that you have built the circuit, you have to give it some energy now.
Tip-you can power most circuits by simply connecting the 9 v battery to the breadboard.
However, you should use a variable voltage controller if you want more control.
They are easy to make and I have made a "possible" if you are interested ". 2.
Connect the ground wire from the battery to the ground wire on the bread board.
Do the same for positive 4.
Add battery or power on-what happens . . . . . . Well, you should see the LED flashing.
Try again if you don't check your connection.
It could be that you have a jumper in the wrong place or not fully pushed in.
It may be that the LED connection is incorrect.
Check the polarity to make sure these are correct. 5.
If your LED flashes, the next thing to do is turn the pan (potentiometer)
See what happens.
Your LED should flash faster or slower. Boom!
You have built your first circuit!
Now that you have built it
Do it all separately.
I know it seems like a waste of time, but building circuits a few times will give you more confidence in the next build and help you start to understand how the parts are connected together.
Now that you have bread laid on the track (
Hopefully a few times)
It's time to see what happens if you change the value of the capacitor, resistor, or potentiometer.
Experimenting with a breadboard circuit is the best way to understand the function of the Assembly.
This will help you to improve the circuit for any application you need.
The flashing LED circuit is ideal for experiments.
I have given some ideas below, but you should try to find other ways to control the LLED.
Note-since how the Gifs is made, the Gifs used does not show the flashing LED well.
Change the speed of the LED 1.
The capacitor on the 555 timer Leg 2 controls the speed of the flashing LED.
The original circuit diagram uses a 10 uf capacitor.
What happens is that you use a small one like 2. 2uf? 2.
To test it, just remove the capacitor and replace it with 2. 2uf Capacitor. 3.
Using the potentiometer to change the speed, you will notice that the LED flashes faster.
That's because 2.
The discharge speed of the 2 uf capacitor is higher than 10 uf, which in turn makes the LED flash more quickly change the resistance attached to Leg 3 on 555 timer1. The 3.
3 k resistor controls the brightness of the LED.
If you connect the LED directly to Leg 3, you can blow it due to the size of the voltage.
What happens if you add a potentiometer instead of a resistor? 2.
To test, remove 3.
3 K resistance, replaced with a 10 k potentiometer. 3.
If you turn the 10 k potentiometer, you will find that the LED is now darkened and lit.
You now have two ways to control the brightness and speed of the LED. There are a few other ways here that you can try and see what's going on.
Changing the 100 K potentiometer to 50 K or 500 K-LED will change the speed according to the value of the potentiometer.
Change the 10 k resistance attached to legs 6 and 7 to a 100 k potentiometer.
I don't know what this does, but I bet it does!
After powering the flashing LED circuit, it's time to make it permanent.
Welding can be a fickle business.
Sometimes all your solder joints are on point, and other times it may take some work to get a good solder joint.
I will go through some tips and tricks in this section, but the best advice I can give you is to practice, practice.
A list of parts can be found in step 7 step: 1.
Grab the 555 timer and prototype board 2.
Put the 555 timer on the board to make sure the legs pass through the copper traces.
I know this could be myself.
Obviously, but many times I put the IC in the wrong place.
Also give yourself a little space on the prototype board-don't put the 555 timer on the edge-you may need space in the back.
Make sure half-moon cut-
Out on the left hand side 5.
You can bend your legs a little and fix the 555 timer in place if needed.
Flip the prototype plate and add some solder on each leg.
You don't need to add too much. 7.
If you connect a pair of legs together, simply pass the tip of the soldering iron through 2 legs, which should remove the excess welding. Steps:1.
The first thing to do is to connect the leg 1 on the 555 timer to the ground.
I always use the internal orbit as the ground on the prototype board.
Tip: Keep all the legs of the capacitors and resistors you trim off-these are great connectors. 2.
Bend the wire so that it connects Leg 1 to the ground and inserts the solder into position 3.
Next you need to increase the capacitance.
I decided to go with number 3.
6 uf capacitor to make my LED flash faster.
Use what you find best for you in your experiments. 4.
The positive leg is connected to Leg 2 and the negative leg is connected to the ground 5.
Bend the legs a little so that the capacitor does not fall off.
Add some welding and safety to place 7.
Finally, you need to connect legs 2 and legs 6 on the 555 timer.
I found that the best way is to use another resistor leg and just use it to connect the leg under the board as shown in image step 1.
Next you need to add 3.
3 k resistance from Leg 3 to negative leg on LED.
First, you have to weld the resistance to the second position.
As you can see in the picture, I have welded one leg to the third leg, and the other has welded to the marks on the prototype plate, where there is no other connection.
This will allow you to weld the LED in place and connect it to the other end of the resistor.
Next is the fourth round on the 555 timer.
The leg is positive.
I connected it to the positive part of the prototype board with a leg on the resistor.
Tip: Remember, bus strips (
Long copper bars on both sides of the prototype plate)
It's a positive part of your position.
It's better to have the bus inside with positive ground and outside. Steps:1.
The LED now needs to be connected to the end of the resistor on Leg 3.
Make sure to weld the negative leg of the LED to Resistance 2.
Weld the other leg of the LED to a positive bus.
Note: If you make this circuit to add to a toy or project, then all you need to do is weld the wires at the connection instead of directly soldering the LED to the circuit board.
You will then weld the LED to the wire and place it where you need it. 3.
You now need to add a 10 k resistor on legs 6 and 7.
The best way to do this is to make the resistance go straight up as I did in the picture below.
Now is the time to connect leg 8 to positive power.
You may have noticed that I have not connected the potentiometer yet.
I decided to do this for the last time, but you can do this before connecting leg 8. Steps:1.
I decided to use only one side of the front/ground bus strip.
This means I need to connect the jumper from the 8 leg and the positive leg on the LED. 2.
The first thing is to connect the end of the wire to leg 8.
Tip: when fixing the wire in place using a 3rd hand, please bend it slightly as shown in the following figure.
This will ensure that the end of the wire is pushed to the top of the prototype plate and make it easy to weld. 3.
Next, trim the connection line and connect to the positive Total line 4.
Finally, you can trim the boards if you want.
Just cut off the extra board with a pair of wire cutters.
You need to connect one side leg of the potentiometer to leg 7 and the middle leg to the positive leg.
Since the Leg 8 is also connected to the positive, you can connect the middle leg of the pan to the leg 8 on the 555 timer.
This is what I decided to do.
However, since you might make this circuit for a project, I will add a few long lines to the circuit and weld the jars on them.
This will allow you to connect it to wherever you want to connect. Steps:1.
When I connect the potentiometer to legs 7 and 8, I am able to weld the potentiometer directly to the board. 2.
One pin on the pot is not connected to anything, so all you need to do is make sure this pin is in the copper trace and not connected to it-just use the pin 8 legs on the leftNearly there!
It's time to add some strength.
If you want, you can test it first by installing a variable power supply on the circuit to see if everything is OK.
Also, I decided to end up using a different 9 v battery stand.
This one has an on/off switch that can be easily bought on eBay. Steps:1.
Connect the positive line on the battery stand to the positive Total line on the circuit board.
Tip: When connecting wires together, it is important to first "tin" two wires.
All this means adding a little bit of solder to the bare wires.
Now, when you go to join them, the solder paste melts and forms a strong connection.
Connect the negative pole on the battery stand to the negative pole bus. 3.
Test it with a battery.
Hopefully you will see your LED flashing and turning the jar will increase or decrease the speed of flashing.
Tip: If your circuit is not working, you need to check it and check each connection to make sure it is correct.
Don't be nervous if the first attempt doesn't work.
I'm wired a lot of times.
A circuit, it's not working right away.
It is usually the wrong connection of the component or the loss of the wire (
I forgot to attach a positive leg to the LED! )
Just take the time and use the breadboard circuit to help you and go through each connection until you find a fault.