Energy autonomous electronic skin - electronic skin care devices

Energy autonomy is key for the next generation of portable and wearable systems.
Among them, electronics-skin or e-
Skin is currently an in-depth investigation problem because of its wide applicability in areas ranging from robotics to digital health, fashion and the Internet of Things (IoT).
High density of various electronic components (e. g.
Sensors, actuators, electronic devices, etc. )required in e-
Skins, and the need to power them without adding heavy batteries, drive the development of a compact and flexible energy system to achieve self-
Power or energy-autonomous e-skin.
Compact wearable energy system consisting of energy harvester, energy storage equipment, low energy equipment
Power Electronics and efficient wireless power transmission-
Based on technology, it is expected to completely change the wearable system market, especially the e-commerce market. skin.
This paper reviews the development of self-education. powered e-
Skin, pay special attention to the energy available
Energy collection technology, large capacity energy storage equipment and efficient power transmission system.
This paper highlights key challenges in energy development, key design strategies and the most promising materialsautonomous e-
The skin of robots, artificial limbs and wearable systems.
This article will add other comments on e-commerce
Skin, it focuses on the type of sensors and electronic components. An electronic-skin or -
Skin is an artificial intelligence skin consisting of multiple sensors distributed on the same surface (Fig. )
As shown in the figure or stacked. .
With the wide spread of various sensors, some features of human skin are imitated,
The skin can give the robot and the prosthetic touch. Moreover, the -
The skin can also act as a "second skin" in humans ". e.
By measuring various body parameters, the sensor is attached to the surface of the body to enhance the natural sensory ability (e. g.
Blood pressure, body temperature, heartbeat, etc. )
Or environmental parameters (e. g.
Gas, chemistry, materials, radiation, etc. ). The -
The skin also needs to integrate a large number of sensing/electronic components on flexible and shape-preserving surfaces, which can be clearly seen from the growth trend of high-density sensors in medical patches, active-
Touch screen for robot/prosthetic and matrix for tactile sensitive artificial skin.
This also leads to higher demand for energy, requiring energy collection/storage devices with high energy density and capacity.
In addition, the development of high-tech
Performance Energy transfer technologies, including new strategies to provide energy, suchg.
Wireless protocol. A self-powered -
Skin, also called energy here. autonomous -
Skin, can harvest enough energy from the surrounding environment, power all sensors and electronic components, and store excess energy for future use.
In this case ,-
Even in the absence of energy, the skin can run continuously and steadily.
In this sense ,-
The skin will also increase the flexibility to use this technology and the acceptance of wearable systems.
At present,-energy demand
Heavy batteries or energy harvesters (Fig. )
This does not always generate enough energy, it will also affect-skin.
Limited battery life, short charge/discharge cycle stability and durability, risk of overcharging
Heating effect, and often very heavy.
Due to the need, there is currently a lack of suitable solutions, and a lot of efforts have been put into developing alternative solutions in the past few decades, such as light-weight -skin (Fig. )
Wearable energy harvester (e. g.
Photovoltaic, hot-
Piezoelectric-
Electric and triboelectricity)
And energy storage devices (e. g.
Flexible battery (Fig. )
Super capacitor).
Considering the key role of energy, this paper focuses on
Skin requirements and potential solutions that integrate energy collection/storage technologies.
Light, heat and mechanical energy show excellent power supply performance in all potential energy sources
Due to the rich skin in the environment
Skin can be used.
In addition, the chemical energy from various human fluid (e. g.
Tears, saliva, sweat, etc. )
Biofuels are attracting interest as a promising energy source.
The skin of the wearable device.
Progress in the energy sector-
Harvesting techniques include the manufacture of energy harvesters on rigid and non-rigid
Conventional flexible/stretchable substrates, E. G. g.
Stretch-able photovoltaic cells, light thermocouple energy generators, or flexible friction power nano-generators.
In this respect, the future
Skin can sometimes be successful with energy collection and storage techniques developed on flexible/stretchable substrates.
The performance of some of the above technologies is still far from fully autonomous. skin, i. e. an -
Skin with high stability and reliability for 24 hours of continuous work.
The low power conversion efficiency of the technology developed on flexible substrates and the discontinued energy supply are two major shortcomings observed in energy harvesters based on light, machinery and thermal energy.
Although there are already some examples of continuous power supply
Skin, the latest progress is reported. sensing -
The reduction in the size of the skin as well as sensors and electronic devices has greatly increased the energy demand for this technology.
So the current energy challengesautonomous -
Skin not only focuses on the discovery of new energy (e. g.
(Chemical and electrical)and high-
Energy efficient-
Harvesting mechanism (e. g. triboelectrics)
Also, different energy acquisition and storage technologies are integrated, resulting in a portable power supply group.
Before discussing potential strategies for harvesting, storing and transmitting energy,
Skin, it is important to mention the power requirements of this technology in order to explore the right energy.
A large number of sensors and electronic components made of different materials (e. g. graphene (Fig. ))
Piezoelectric polymers such as poly-difluoride (PVDF)(Fig. ))
, Or oxidation of transparent conductive oxides such as indium tin (ITO)(Fig. ))
All kinds of large sensors are neededarea -Robot skin
With the increase in the number of sensing and related electronic components, the power demand has multiplied.
For example, flexible printed circuit board system
Skin developed through the ROBOSKIN research project (Fig. )
To cover the body of the humanoid robot "icub", about 1000 capacitive touch sensors are required and about 7 are required.
5 w-skin.
This calculation only takes into account the macro sensing module.
In fact, if we reduce the size of the sensor to micro, the power consumption will be much higher. or even nano-
Scale to mimic the touch sensitivity of the human body (
It is estimated that there are 4.
5x10 mechanical connectors are present in about 1. 5u2009m area)
As the number of touch sensors increases.
If we also consider that the number of thermal sensors will increase further
Sensors and chemicalssensors, etc.
Also, hexadecimalO-
Skin made with off-the-
Self components need 4. 5u2009W.
-Continuous operation
Skin, energy requirements can be high-
Especially when the robot is powered by a battery.
In this respect, new materials such as graphene (Fig. )or ITO (Fig. )
Huge potential has been shown as they need lower power (
Graphene ~ 20nw Northwest/cm, ITO ~ 100 μ w/cm).
Under these conditions, the power consumption of graphenebased -
1. cover the skin.
The 5 m surface of the robot body will be 3.
9 w, than off-the-
Shelf components based on large
The area Tactile Skin discussed above.
The latest energy demand is very low.
The skin makes it feasible to use environmental energy (such as light, mechanical or thermal) as a potential power source --skin (Fig. ).
Figuresummarizes officialof-
The art energy collection and storage technology has been successfully applied-skin-
Systems like graphene
Tactile Skin powered by sunlight, a pulse oximeter powered by human thermal energy, healthcare-
Patch driven by human finger vibration and multi fingersensing -
The skin on the fabric driven by human arm movements.
Best Performance Report (e. g.
Power density and capacity)
The picture also shows.
Energy collection and storage solutions described in figure 1
Show them all about-
Skin application.
The organization of this article is as follows: the following sections describe the progress of energy collection, especially the solutions related to the following aspectsskin.
Energy storage and transmission technologies, including wireless energy transmission, were then discussed in the section "continuous energy supply: energy storage and wireless charging technology.
Several examples of selfpowered -
The skin system is introduced in the "self" sectionpowered -skin'.
Key challenges and potential solutions for energy development, key design strategies and the most promising materialsautonomous -
Skin has been discussed in the section "key challenges and potential solutions for the future self"powered -skin'.
Finally, the conclusions and future prospects are given in the "discussion" section.
A few comments-
The skin focuses only on sensing and electronic components, and in this paper, the discussion on energy autonomy
The skin will supplement and strengthen the existing literature.