a lesson for india in a fog so thick it could kill a cow

In December 1873, London was shrouded in a thick yellow fog for a week, and people could not see their feet.
\"Ladies and gentlemen,\" Mark Twain said in a public speech at the time, \"I heard it, so I know you are here --
& I\'m here, though I can\'t see it.
\"About 780 people on display at the Smithfield Club died, 50 cows panting and eventually suffocated.
Nevertheless, it will take 83 years of toxic air before the National Clean Air Act is passed in 1956.
The history described in \"London Fog: Biography\" is a lesson about how hard it is for the government to put public health first when public health conflicts with economic development, the political power of industry, even people\'s pollution habits.
The Indian government opposes all these things.
The capital, New Delhi, a city of 20 million people, has just experienced a special incident of air pollution and closed schools for three days.
India is one of many middle classes.
Income countries, including China, are trying to solve the pollution problem that is expanding rapidly as the economy grows and cities expand rapidly.
Ten years ago, due to uneven levels of air pollution and deaths, little was known about the scope of the problem.
But things have changed.
Satellites provide scientists with more detailed pictures that enable them to perform more accurate calculations.
\"Scientists underestimate the scale of outdoor air pollution because we just don\'t have data on people\'s breathing around the world,\" Joshua apput said . \", Assistant Professor of Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin.
They don\'t like what they see.
Air pollution is the fourth largest cause of death in the world, second only to poor diet, high blood pressure and smoking. In 2015, one out of every 10 deaths was related to air pollution. According to the global burden of disease, A huge repository of data compiled by more than 2,000 researchers led by the University of Washington Institute of Health Metrics and assessment.
The organization estimates about 6.
In 2015, 5 million people died from indoor and outdoor air pollution.
2 million of them died in India.
The death toll from outdoor air pollution rose to four.
2 million from 3 in 2015.
1990 5 million.
Without strong policy measures, the death toll would only worsen with the development of mega cities, which would expose more and more people.
\"The situation in the middle is worse --
There are more income countries than ever before . \"
Maria Neira, director, Public Health, Environment and Health Social determinants division of the World Health Organization.
\"50 years ago, the population of only a few cities exceeded 2 million.
There are many today.
\"According to the Institute for Health indicators and assessment, the largest number of deaths from outdoor air pollution are China, India and Russia.
This is partly because they have the most people.
Countries with the highest mortality rate
Every 100,000 people die from air pollution.
In Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia and Latvia.
The reasons are different.
Some believe that this may be related to the legacy of the dirty Soviet industrial and aging diesel car fleet.
Kristin L said that the key factor in policy change is the people\'s strong desire for policy change.
Colton, author of London fog.
In Britain, this happened in 1952, when there was another serious smog --
From coal this time-
Fireplace and stove top-
As many as 12,000 people were killed.
\"In the end, it has to come down to people wanting it,\" she said . \".
Pollution always seems to provoke anger, but it is not always the case in Britain.
The famous London smog was inscribed in history by writers such as Dickens and Impressionist painters such as Monet, Turner and Whistler, and used to be a symbol of prosperity. Corton said.
This means that the fire in the family is burning (
In Dickens, the meager fireplace with only a few pieces of coal is ruthlessly quoted)
There are factories.
\"1952 of the smog is a real blow to the mind,\" she said . \".
\"People have experienced so much --
War, blitz.
People say we have not experienced all the deprivation of death from soot.
They had enough.
They want a better quality of life.
\"As for India, Professor Apte said he believes public opinion has changed and there is a wider recognition that air pollution is a problem.
He hopes to collect hospital comprehensive health data from recent events.
This may make this problem a reality from the realm of abstract statistics.
\"This smog incident in Delhi may bring us a turning point,\" he said . \".
Professor Apte, who has been working in Delhi for the last eight years and also there this week, said that the work he has done shows that in places where the pollution is serious, the gradual decline in pollution levels has not resulted in major health improvements, a phenomenon that could make change difficult in the first place.
But for longer, there are great benefits.
Pollution control.
\"Look at the photos of New York in the 1950 s and 1960 s.
\"There is smog everywhere,\" he said . \".
\"It\'s over now.